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Authors
Adade, Richard https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4943-8701
Asamoah, Emmanuella Akua
Theresa, Asantewaa Nana Yaa
Baisel, Nancy
Obed, Appau
Twum, Frank
Fofie, Douglas
Tutu, Clement Osei
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Article History
Received: 10 January 2026
Accepted: 8 July 2026
First Online: 18 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval ((CHRPE/AP/286/22) for this study was obtained from the Committee on Human Research, Publications and Ethics (CHRPE), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Ghana. All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. Permission to conduct the study was also granted by the management of Suntreso Government Hospital. All participants received detailed information about the study objectives, procedures, potential risks and benefits, and their right to withdraw at any time without any consequences. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Confidentiality and anonymity were strictly ensured throughout the study.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. No individual participant’s personal data or identifying information are included in this manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
