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Authors
Ogbu, Chinenye Angela
Okolie, Elvis Anyaehiechukwu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2283-8077
Ume, Austine Okpaga
Ajah, Obiageri Florence
Okolie, Felicity Nneoma
Oko, Augustine Okpani
Ezejindu, Cosmas Nnadozie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) in Nigeria Institution-Based Research (IBR) Intervention (TETFUND/IBR/AC/26/011)
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Article History
Received: 10 June 2026
Accepted: 10 July 2026
First Online: 14 July 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval with the clearance number DUFUHS/UREC/ECN/2026/011 was obtained from the David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences Ethics Board of Review, the State Ministry of Health (EBSHREC/2025/029), and the State Ministry of Education (EBSG/MOE/CFE/VOL.1/39). While study approval was obtained from each secondary school. Assent was obtained from the eligible participants after issuing assent forms and reading the verbal transcript in a child-friendly manner. Informed written consent was also obtained from their parents/guardians to allow them to participate in this study. At all stages of the study, participants were informed that participation was voluntary and that they could withdraw from the study at any time without consequence. Measures such as the use of participant codes were employed to ensure confidentiality. In addition to the ethical approvals, the implementation of all study activities adhered strictly to relevant guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki and those highlighted by the relevant ministries and schools.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
