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Authors
Nsabimana, Phenias
Gutema, Befikadu Tariku https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0574-6074
Somé, Jérome W.
Twomey, Zara
Ishimwe, Marie Chantal
Vasanthakaalam, Hilda
De Henauw, Stefaan
Abbeddou, Souheila
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Special Research Fund (BOF) of Ghent University
University of Rwanda research innovation and post-graduate studies
Global Minds Fund of Ghent University
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Article History
Received: 15 February 2026
Accepted: 21 July 2026
First Online: 25 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was conducted in line with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical clearance was obtained from Commission on Medical Ethics of Ghent University (EC/2019/1577) and the University of Rwanda (363/CMHS IRB/2020). Authorization letters were requested and obtained from the authorities to get their permission to conduct the study. Data were collected from participants who gave written informed consent after clearly stating the purpose and motive of the study.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
