Article History
Received: 13 June 2026
Accepted: 21 July 2026
First Online: 27 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval was granted by the Njala University Institutional Review Board (NUIRB) on 14 April 2024, with additional permissions from the Bo District Health Management Team and the relevant chiefdom authorities. All participants gave voluntary informed consent; for non-literate participants, consent was documented by thumbprint witnessed by an independent community member, an oral-consent procedure approved by the review board.
Consent for publication: Not applicable; no individually identifying data are presented.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.