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Article History

Received: 31 May 2026

Accepted: 22 July 2026

First Online: 11 August 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This program was conducted as a public health service delivery initiative by the MoH of Timor-Leste. Informed consent was obtained from parents or guardians of all participating students prior to screening; students whose parents declined consent or who were absent on the screening day were not screened. Verbal assent was obtained from children in accordance with national ethical guidelines and the Declaration of Helsinki; children were informed about the screening procedures in age-appropriate language and told they could decline any individual assessment. The study protocol for publication was approved by the Timor-Leste National Public Health Institute (Reference number: 39/INSP-TL/UEPD-AL/II/2026) as it involves the secondary analysis of existing data that are de-identified.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.