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Authors
Li, Tingting
Wang, Lin
Yin, Yixuan
Cong, Hongliang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Key Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-017B)
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Article History
Received: 22 March 2026
Accepted: 3 August 2026
First Online: 7 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Tianjin Chest Hospital (Approval No. 2026LW-027) and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Because this was a retrospective study based on de-identified data, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the Medical Ethics Committee of Tianjin Chest Hospital.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
