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Authors
Nwachukwu, Queeneth Ojoma https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0718-9590
Okpara, Patrick Agwu
Azuaba, Emmanuel
Fanyam, Aondona Christopher
Ugo, Donald Chukwuma
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Article History
Received: 7 May 2026
Accepted: 7 August 2026
First Online: 14 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. This study is based on mathematical modeling and secondary data obtained from published literature and publicly available sources.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
