Document is current

Article History

Received: 4 February 2025

Accepted: 17 August 2026

First Online: 22 August 2026

Declarations

<b>Ethics approval and consent to participate</b>: Not applicable.

<b>Consent for publication</b>: Not applicable.

<b>Competing interests</b>: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Their three year conflict of interest statement is as follows. SR has received research funding from the Health Research Council of New Zealand, New Zealand Ministry of Health, Health New Zealand, Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation and New South Wales Office of Responsible Gambling. JL has received research funding from the New Zealand Ministry of Health. MEB has received research funding from GREO Evidence Insights, Health Research Council of New Zealand, and New Zealand Ministry of Health; and research consultancy funding from Asian Family Services, Health New Zealand, and Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation. ST has received research funding from University Grant Committee, Hong Kong and Beat Drugs Fund Association, Hong Kong.