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Authors
Du, Bei
Song, Desheng
Jin, Nan
Liu, Lin
Li, Xuan
Zhang, Bo
Wang, Jinghui
He, Meinan
Wang, Lei
Zhang, Ziyu
Zhang, Shuwei
Pazo, Emmanuel Eric
Yan, Hua
Wei, Ruihua
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-004A-2)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-004A-2)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-004A-2)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-004A-2)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-004A-2)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-004A-2)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-004A-2)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-004A-2)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-004A-2)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-004A-2)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-004A-2)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-004A-2)
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Article History
Received: 8 April 2026
Accepted: 21 August 2026
First Online: 14 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study involved human participants, but the study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital (No. 2020KY-16). This study was conducted in accordance with Declaration of Helsinki and relevant guidelines and regulations. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to the baseline assessment. For participants under the age of 16, written informed consent was obtained from their parents or legal guardians.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
