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Authors
Chen, Qinian
Li, Pengyang
Xin, Guogang
Xu, Jiaqian
Li, Nan
Yang, Mei
Luo, Peiyu
Gao, Jingjing
Wang, Xiaohua https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6891-0711
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (02200-310400209544)
STI 2030—Major Projects (2021ZD0200500)
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Article History
Received: 12 July 2026
Accepted: 24 August 2026
First Online: 29 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of School of Government, Beijing Normal University (Approval No.: ZFGL-HSC 2025003). Caregiver consent used an opt-out procedure. Student participation was voluntary unless their caregivers opted out, with assent implied by survey completion.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
