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Authors
Koo Chong, Susana
Carrillo, María Angelica
Cárdenas Sánchez, Rocío
Rivera-Ramirez, Tatiana
Kroeger, Axel
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau
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Article History
Received: 26 April 2026
Accepted: 27 August 2026
First Online: 1 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Germany (Reference No. 130/20). The research was also endorsed by the local health authorities in Cúcuta and Los Patios, Colombia. Verbal informed consent was obtained from community members for the household component, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants in the qualitative interviews. All procedures were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s identifiable data.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
