Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Watanabe, Rio https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8728-2209
Manabe, Toshie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8208-8071
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP20K19182)
Grant-in-Aid for Research in Nagoya City University (1914004)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 29 April 2026
Accepted: 4 September 2026
First Online: 12 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Biological Research Involving Human Subjects in Japan.This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Nagoya City University (No. 22011-4). All 300 participants were provided oral and written explanations about the research. We explained that completing and returning the questionnaire would be considered as consent about this study. This information was also clearly stated in the request form. Informed consent for participation was obtained from all 300 participants, after which the questionnaires and return envelopes were distributed. The investigators kept the datasets in password-protected systems and presented anonymous data in the report.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
