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Article History

Received: 13 April 2026

Accepted: 17 September 2026

First Online: 24 September 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine (Ethical approval number: KJ2025-357-01). This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants were clearly informed of the academic purpose of the study and that their participation was entirely voluntary. Before completing the survey, all participants provided written informed consent by electronically signing a consent form on the Wenjuanxing platform. They were assured of their right to withdraw from the survey at any time without consequence. The survey was anonymous, and no personal identifying information was collected to ensure confidentiality.To assure data protection and privacy, all survey responses were stored on a password-protected server maintained by the Wenjuanxing platform, with access restricted solely to the research team. Data were anonymized prior to analysis, and no identifiers were retained in the final dataset. Electronic data were transferred and stored using encrypted channels and devices to prevent unauthorized access. The research team did not provide any monetary or material incentives for participation, in order to minimize potential undue influence and to preserve the voluntary nature of respondents’ participation. All data handling procedures were conducted in accordance with relevant data protection regulations and institutional guidelines. Clinical trial number: Not applicable.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.