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Article History

Received: 20 June 2026

Accepted: 30 September 2026

First Online: 6 October 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave-I received ethical approval from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and the Institutional Review Board of the International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai. All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to participation. The present study used anonymized secondary data available in the public domain and therefore did not require additional ethical approval.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.