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Article History

Received: 13 August 2021

Accepted: 18 April 2022

First Online: 13 May 2022

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was not needed for this systematic review of published data.

: Not applicable.

: NF reports grants from Synairgen and non-financial support from Abbott, for work outside the submitted work. TW reports grants from GSK, during the conduct of the study; grants from GSK, grants and personal fees from AZ, grants and personal fees from my mhealth, grants and personal fees from Synairgen, outside the submitted work; In addition, Dr. Wilkinson has a patent Vaccine Prevention of AECOPD pending and Director of my mhealth a digital health company managing AECOPD. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.