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Article History

Received: 25 May 2023

Accepted: 2 November 2023

First Online: 16 November 2023

Declarations

:

: Annonymised practice-level data were accessed by Jean Engela, one of the Academic Fellow GPs, with permission from GP Practice Managers. The process of searching for age and tobacco codes is normal practice for QoF indicators to assess performance. All extracted data were aggregate practice-level data and non-identifiable and managed by Jean Engela; therefore, no identifiable data were released by the practice. All data were anonymised before use. Permissions to access the raw data were provided by the Practice Managers at each of the seven GP Practices in Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.