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Article History

Received: 8 October 2024

Accepted: 13 January 2025

First Online: 15 January 2025

Declarations

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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee (HREC) of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu. Additionally, written informed consent was obtained from all the participating subjects, and their confidentiality was guaranteed through the use of anonymous questionnaires. To ensure voluntary participation, all participants were fully informed about the purpose of the study, the procedures involved, and their right to withdraw at any time without any negative consequences, including potential repercussions for their employment. Informed consent forms were provided in clear language, and participants were encouraged to ask questions and seek clarification before agreeing to take part. We emphasized that participation was entirely voluntary and that non-participation would not affect their employment status or relationships with management. To further protect participants’ privacy, all data collected was kept confidential. Personal identifiers were removed from the data, and a unique code was used for each participant. All data were stored securely in password-protected files, and only authorized personnel had access to the data. Participants’ names and other identifiable information were never shared with third parties, ensuring the highest levels of confidentiality throughout the study. Additionally, ongoing support was provided throughout the study to address any concerns or discomfort. An ethical clearance certificate is attached as a .

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.