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Article History

Received: 4 January 2025

Accepted: 13 March 2025

First Online: 3 April 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Personal information was anonymized to protect personal privacy; statistical analyses were strictly conducted with confidentiality, and the data were only used for scientific purposes. Therefore, the requirement for informed consent was finally waived based on the statements above and the retrospective nature of the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.