Document is current

Article History

Received: 10 July 2024

Accepted: 29 May 2025

First Online: 30 September 2025

Declarations

:

: This case series was classed as public health surveillance upon review by the NHS Health Research authority and thus is deemed to have no requirement for ethics approval from an NHS Research ethics committee. This outcome, evidence available on request, is in line with the documents below:Governance arrangements for Research Ethics Committees December 2023 including Sect. 2.3.13.UK Policy Framework for Health and Social Care Research.The Research Ethics Service (NRES) Defining Research table.NHS Health Authority Algorithm: Does my project require review by an NHS Research Ethics Committee?Written informed consent was not required given the retrospective nature of the case series, its categorisation as public health surveillance and the anonymised non-identifiable data.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.