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Article History

Received: 31 March 2025

Accepted: 13 June 2025

First Online: 4 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The study protocol received central ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (PR(AG)480/2018) and was subsequently approved by all participating centres. Also every participating center obtained ethical approval from coordinating centers of the country. For Türkiye (corresponding author’s country) from Manisa Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty Clinical Researches Ethical Committee Approval number 39, Date: 06.08.2019 and for EARCO exacerbation study from Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Clinical Researches Ethical Committee Approval number:274, Date: 12.06.2024. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. This study was completed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration as revised in 2013.

: Written informed consent was obtained from the patients described herein for their anonymized information to be published in this article.

: Catarina Guimarães has received speaker fees from CSLBehring. María Torres-Durán has received either speaker and consulting fees from CSL Behringand Grifols, and support for attending meetings from CSL Behring, Grifols, Chiesi and FAESFarma. Alice M Turner has received either grants or speaker fees from AstraZeneca,GlaxoSmithKline, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, CSL Behring, Takeda, Vertex and GrifolsBiotherapeutics. Hanan Tanash has received speaker fees from AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline,Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi and Grifols. Carlota Rodríguez-García has received speaker feesfrom AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Grifols, Chiesi, and CSL Behring, expert testimony for Chiesi,support for attending meetings from Chiesi and Grifols. Angelo Corsico has received speakerfees and honoraria for participation on advisory board from CSL Behring, and honoraria formanuscript writing from Grifols. JoséLuis López-Campos has received honoraria during the last3 years for lecturing, scientific advice, participation in clinical studies or writing for publications for (alphabetical order): AstraZeneca, Bial, Boehringer, Chiesi, CSL Behring, Faes, Gebro, Grifols, GSK, Menarini, Sanofi, Zambon. Juan Luis Rodríguez-Hermosa has received honoraria during the last 3 years for lecturing, scientific advice or participation in clinical studies from AstraZeneca, Bial, Boehringer Ingelheim, CSL Behring, GlaxoSmithKline, Grifols and Zambon. JoséMaría Hernández-Pérez has received consulting fees from Grifols and CSL Behring, speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Bial, CSL Behring, FAES laboratory, GlaxoSmithKline, and Grifols, support for attending meetings from Grifols and CSL Behring, and honoraria for participation on advisory board from Grifols. Maria Sucena has received consulting fees from Bial, GSK, CSL Behring Grifols and Sanofi, speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Bial, CSL Behring, GSK and Grifols. Paul Ellis has received speaker frees from Chiesi, Astra Zeneca, GSK and Takeda. The remaining authors report no conflicts of interest.