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Article History

Received: 25 June 2024

Accepted: 1 July 2025

First Online: 1 August 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and study protocol approved by the ethics committee of Shanghai Chest Hospital, Cancer Hospital affiliated to Harbin Medical University and Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology separately. The decisions of the waiver of informed consent form requirements were also obtained from the ethics committee of each site. Relevant ethics approval was obtained for the use of data from the CHRYSALIS trial to perform indirect comparison analyses in this study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare the following commercial support and relevant financial interests: Shun Lu, Lan Shen, Guangyuan Hu, Yan Wang, Jing Zhao and Xin Li receive grants through their institutions from Janssen China on this study. Shun Lu and Lan Shen are affiliated to Shanghai Chest Hospital, Guangyuan Hu is affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Yan Wang and Xin Li are affiliated to Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Jing Zhao is affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Jianmin Zhuo is employed by Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine China and Grace K. M. Low was employed by Johnson & Johnson International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. when this study was performed. Grace K. M. Low is currently not an employee of Johnson & Johnson International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript apart from those disclosed.