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Article History

Received: 5 June 2025

Accepted: 22 August 2025

First Online: 7 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study obtained ethics approval from the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS review board, Prot. RESPIRARE, ID: 6393. Written informed consent was obtained from living patients who could be contacted.

: Not applicable.

: FL, AL, have no conflicts of interest to disclose. FV reports personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, personal fees from Sanofi, Personal fees from Chiesi Farmaceutici, outside the submitted work. BI reported personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, non-financial support from Boehringer Ingelheim, non-financial support from MedicAir, outside the submitted work. LR reports personal fees from Biogen, grants and personal fees from Roche, personal fees from ImmuneWorks, grants and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, personal fees from Celgene, personal fees from Nitto, personal fees from FibroGen, personal fees from Promedior, personal fees from Pliant Therapeutics, personal fees from Asahi Kasei, personal fees from Toray, personal fees from BMS, personal fees from RespiVant, personal fees from CSL Behring, outside the submitted work. GS reports personal fees from Chiesi Farmaceutici, personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, outside the submitted work.