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Article History

Received: 21 November 2024

Accepted: 16 September 2025

First Online: 24 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The OSIC protocol was submitted to the U.S. Central IRB Advarra. The IRB determined that the research project is exempt from IRB oversight. Consent to participate was waived considering the retrospective nature of the study. The study adheres to and is in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration.

: Not applicable.

: J.G. has received institutional research grants from Janssen Pharmaceutica, Boehringer Ingelheim, MSD and Roche and has received consulting and honoraria fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, BMS, GSK, Roche, AstraZeneca, Aquilon, Volition, Oncoradiomics and Chiesi and has received non-financial support for meeting attendance from AstraZeneca, Chiesi, MSD, Roche, Boehringer Ingelheim and Janssen. J.E. and J-P.C. are employees of Thirona and J-P.C. is shareholder of Thirona. R.L. has received institutional research grants from GSK, AstraZeneca and Chiesi and has received consulting fees from GSK and AstraZeneca and honoraria as lecturer from AstraZeneca and as speaker from GSK and has participated in ANDHI in practice study from AstraZeneca. D.A. Lynch has received consulting fees from Calyx Inc and Beohreinger Ingelheim and honoraria from Clinical Education Alliance and has unlicensed and assigned to institution patents US 10,706,533; US 11,468,564 and US 11,494,902. S.M. Humphries has received grants paid to institution from NHLBI, Boehringer Ingelheim and Calyx and has unlicensed and assigned to institution patents US 10,706,533; US 11,468,564; US 11,494,902; and US 11,922,626.