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Authors
Mullholand, Jon B.
Hosse, Robert
Rusher, Thomas
Helwig, Madeline
Rezai Gharai, Leila
Johannson, Kerri A.
Perelas, Apostolos
Jackson, Peter
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes of Health
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Article History
Received: 14 May 2025
Accepted: 16 October 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Declarations
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: Informed consent for subjects enrolled in the remote MDD was obtained verbally by subjects’ primary pulmonary physician. Subjects enrolled in the home spirometry portion of the study completed written informed consent. Both written and verbal consent as well as ethical approval was provided by the Human Research Protection Program at Virginia Commonwealth University IRB # HM20024724.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
