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Authors
Zhang, Guoxin
Sun, Ming
Cao, Hao
Chen, Xi
Ma, Hui
Jia, Wei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-032C)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-032C)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-032C)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-032C)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-032C)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-032C)
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Article History
Received: 2 June 2025
Accepted: 24 October 2025
First Online: 27 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Tianjin Chest Hospital (2025LW-17), in compliance with national regulations governing human subject research. Given the retrospective design and the use of anonymized data, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of the Tianjin Chest Hospital. All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
