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Authors
Kang, Da Hyun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3495-0931
Kim, So-yun
Ju, Hyekyeong
Lee, Sunju
Lee, Young Seok
Moon, Jae Young
Kim, Dong Keun
Choi, Hye Ri
Rhee, Jee Eun
Lee, Song I
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA-2022-6200-6235-303)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2023-00243569)
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Article History
Received: 5 June 2025
Accepted: 3 November 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. The Institutional Review Board of Chungnam National University Hospital (No. 2023-03-076) reviewed and approved the study and waived the requirement of informed consent. All patient data were anonymized and treated with strict confidentiality to protect the privacy of the participants. Identifiable information was removed before analysis to ensure compliance with privacy regulations.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
