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Authors
Cai, Yingying
Yang, Hongwei
Ren, Xiaohe
Wang, Jingyi
Wang, Jin
Chen, Ou
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Jinan Health Commission Science and Technology Development Plan Project (2020-4-77)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82172543)
the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2020MH006)
the Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Team Project of Shandong University (IFYT1811)
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Article History
Received: 19 August 2023
Accepted: 13 November 2025
First Online: 11 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study utilized publicly available de-identified data from participant studies that had obtained approval from an ethical standards committee for human experimentation. Therefore, no separate ethical approval was required for this study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
