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Article History

Received: 4 June 2025

Accepted: 25 November 2025

First Online: 11 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University (No. 2022-124-2) and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained before the study.

: not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Conceptualization, data curation, investigation, methodology, software, and writing-original draft. L.J.Z : Conceptualization, data curation, investigation, visualization, validation, supervision, and writing-review and editing.

: not applicable.