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Authors
Jiang, Cheng
Cui, Sihao
Hou, Shixuan
Chen, Min
Huang, Qiuyan
Zhang, Xiangyu
Li, Sijia
Yang, Deqin
Cao, Mengshu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The 2022 Clinical Research Special Fund of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital (2022-161)
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Article History
Received: 4 December 2025
Accepted: 19 January 2026
First Online: 10 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Gulou Clinical Medical College Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Approval No. 2025-0888-01).Given the retrospective nature of this study and the use of anonymized clinical and imaging data, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee.All procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and institutional guidelines.
: Not applicable.No individual person’s identifiable data (including images, clinical details, or quotations) are included in this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
