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Authors
Manullang, Amja
Tran, Xuan Ngoc
Lee, Yueh-Lun
Wang, Yuan-Hung
Lin, Yuan-Chien
Lee, Kang-Yun
Chung, Chi-Li
Chen, Tzu-Tao
Chen, Kuan-Yuan
Tseng, Chien-Hua
Su, Chien-Ling
Ho, Shu-Chuan
Yang, Feng-Ming
Wu, Sheng-Ming
Chung, Kian Fan
Chuang, Kai-Jen
Chang, Jer-Hwa
Chuang, Hsiao-Chi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wan Fang Hospital (112TMU-WFH-07 and 113TMU-WFH-21)
National Science and Technology Council (112-2314-B-038-013 and 112-2628-B-038-010-MY3)
Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan (DP2-TMU-113-T-02)
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Article History
Received: 18 July 2025
Accepted: 5 February 2026
First Online: 23 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Taipei Medical University-Joint Institutional Review Board (TMU-JIRB no. N202003075) approved this study. Given the retrospective design, the requirement for informed consent was waived because all procedures were part of routine clinical care.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
