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Authors
Kreger, Jordan E.
Reiner, M. Claire
Ramsey, Ann Marie
Hassan, Fauziya
Filbrun, Amy G.
Nelson, Virginia S.
Hershenson, Marc B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9436-5593
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Michigan Clinical and Translational Science Award (NIH UM1TR004404)
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Article History
Received: 11 June 2025
Accepted: 13 February 2026
First Online: 21 February 2026
Declarations
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: All methods were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. In addition, the University of Michigan Medical School Institutional Review Board reviewed this study (protocol HUM00217833) and determined that it was exempt from ongoing IRB review, per exemption category 4(iii) at 45 CFR 46.104(d): Secondary research for which consent is not required (analyzing existing data that was collected for another purpose). Because this research project was considered secondary research, the IRB granted a waiver of HIPAA authorization and did not require informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
