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Article History

Received: 28 November 2025

Accepted: 16 February 2026

First Online: 28 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This retrospective study was conducted with approval from the Ethics Committee of Wu Song Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (No. 2024-P-07). This study was conducted in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study, which involved the analysis of existing clinical data with no direct patient contact or intervention.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.