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Authors
Liu, Shihu
Zhang, Hefeng
Dong, Yanfeng
Zhang, Jinzi
Wang, Dong
Xuan, Yunpeng
Liu, Yumeng
Wang, Chongwang
Wang, Yongjie
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Article History
Received: 28 September 2025
Accepted: 27 February 2026
First Online: 23 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Qingdao University Hospital (QYFYEC2024-310). All patients provided written informed consent prior to the surgery, agreeing to the use of their clinical imaging data for scientific research and educational purposes.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
