Marshall, Dominic C.
Komorowski, Matthieu
Jamme, Matthieu
Patel, Brijesh V.
Antcliffe, David B.
Parbhoo, Sonali
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mittal Fund Cleveland Clinic Philanthropy
Medical Research Council (award MR/Y000404/1)
SRLF – 101 Endowment Fund Christophe Vinsonneau
Institute Servier research fellowship grant, Ramsay Générale de Santé mobility grant
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR303768)
Article History
Received: 27 January 2026
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 26 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The MIMIC-IV database has received ethical approval from the institutional review boards (IRB) at BIDMC and MIT, and, because the database does not contain protected health information, a waiver of the requirement for informed consent was included in the IRB approval.
: The MIMIC-IV database has been fully deidentified and has a waiver for informed consent therefore individual level patient consent is not required. Further details are available at .
: The authors declare no competing interests.