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Authors
Toyama, Shogo
Kudo, Kenichiro
Fujita, Kohei
Takigawa, Yuki
Watanabe, Hiromi
Oi, Issei
Kanai, Osamu
Sato, Ken
Fujiwara, Keiichi
Tanizawa, Kiminobu
Sawai, Satoru
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
a Grant-in-Aid for Clinical Research from the National Hospital Organization
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Article History
Received: 15 July 2025
Accepted: 24 March 2026
First Online: 28 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the NHO Kyoto Medical Center as a single IRB for the two-centre study (Approval number: 24–073). The use of a single IRB streamlined the ethics review process and reduced administrative burden. The IRB of the NHO Okayama Medical Center had approved these procedures and the conduct of this study.This was a retrospective study and informed consent from patients was not required. Informed consent was waived for the study and consent to participate was also waived by the ethics committee. Instead, an opt-out method was used, which guaranteed the right of the participants to refuse participation in the study. The National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center and Okayama Medical Center Ethics Committees approved these methods.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
