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Comparative effectiveness of triple versus dual inhaled therapy (ICS/LABA or LABA/LAMA) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-026-04375-z

Published Online: 2026-06-04

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Hu, Weimian

Li, Qinglin
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-06-04

Accepted Manuscript valid from 2026-06-04
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Article History

Received: 24 January 2026

Accepted: 21 May 2026

First Online: 4 June 2026

Declarations

:

: All data were obtained from publicly available databases; therefore, institutional review board approval and patient consent were not required.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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