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Article History

Received: 26 January 2026

Accepted: 30 June 2026

First Online: 6 July 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Hokkaido University Hospital (reference: med 02 − 001: December 2002, 018–0392:20th of February 2019, 025–0143:12th of August 2025). Written informed consent to participate was obtained from all of the patients in the original study including all the patients involved in the current study. The protocol of the current study was informed via the internet for the patients, based on the instructions of an Institutional Review Board.

: Not applicable.

: The authors report the following: K.S. was supported by grants from Daiwa Health Development, Inc. and received honoria from AstraZeneca, outside the submitted work. N.T. was supported by grants from FUJIFILM Co., Ltd. and Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., and received honoraria from GlaxoSmithKline K.K, outside the submitted work. K.T. received honoria from AstraZeneca.N.F. reveived honoria from AstraZeneca and Sanofy Co. Ltd. outside the submitted work I.T. was supported by grants from Mochida Pharmaceuticals K.K., Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Medical System Network Co., Ltd., Kaneka Corp., and Takeyama Co., Ltd., and received honoraria from Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd. and Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K. outside the submitted work. S.M. was supported by grants from ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and FUKUDA Life Tech Co., Ltd., and received honoraria from Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., AstraZeneca, and GlaxoSmithKline outside the submitted work.S.S. was supported by grants from Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Philips-Respironics, Fukuda Denshi, Fukuda Lifetec Keiji, and ResMed outside the submitted work. S.K. was supported by grants from Mochida Pharmaceuticals K.K., Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Medical System Network Co., Ltd., Kaneka Corp., Takeyama Co., Ltd., and Novartis, and received honoraria from AstraZeneca and KYORIN Pharmaceutical outside the submitted work. None of these companies played a role in the design or analysis of the study or in the writing of the manuscript. N.W.,S.C., H.I., ,I.Y., Y.A., K.K., S.N., H.M., and M.N. declare no conflict of interest.