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Article History

Received: 10 October 2025

Accepted: 10 July 2026

First Online: 13 July 2026

Declarations

:

: Institutional Review Board approval was not required for this study as it utilized deidentified, publicly available data from the CDC WONDER database. Because the analysis used only de-identified, aggregated, and publicly available data and did not involve any interaction with human participants or access to identifiable private information, it did not constitute human-subjects research; accordingly, the requirement for informed consent to participate was waived and was not applicable. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and followed the STROBE reporting guidelines for observational studies.

: Not applicable. This study used only de-identified, aggregated, and publicly available data obtained from the CDC WONDER database and does not contain any individual person’s identifying images, personal information, or clinical details; therefore, consent for publication was not required.

: The authors declare no competing interests.