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Authors
Yang, Di
Wang, Lu
Liang, Guixing
Liu, Pin
Ding, Meizhu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Key Advantageous Discipline Construction Project of Guizhou Provincial Health Commission in 2023 in Emergency Department
Guangdong Provincial Medical Research Fund Project (C2023078)
Guangdong Provincial Medical Research Fund Project (C2023078)
Guangdong Provincial Medical Research Fund Project (C2023078)
Guangdong Provincial Medical Research Fund Project (C2023078)
Guangdong Provincial Medical Research Fund Project (C2023078)
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Article History
Received: 6 March 2026
Accepted: 17 July 2026
First Online: 20 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study complies with ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The ethics approval was conducted by the Ethics Committee at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine) with the ethics approval number YM2024-018. All patients voluntarily participated in this study. The hospital ethics committee approved a waiver of written informed consent for COPD patients participating in the questionnaire survey, while interview participants provided their written consent.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
