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Article History

Received: 15 March 2026

Accepted: 10 August 2026

First Online: 14 August 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review board for non-interventional clinical studies of Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey, on May 14, 2025 (approval code: 103/2025).The Non-Invasive Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Istanbul Aydın University formally waived the requirement for individual informed consent to participate (approval code: 103/2025), on the basis that the study was retrospective, involved no prospective interventions, and utilized anonymized patient data.

Consent for publication: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any identifying images, photographs, or personal clinical details of individual participants that could compromise anonymity.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.