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Authors
Masood, Mohsin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4388-569X
Pan, Hong
Delgado-SanMartin, Juan
Ong, Siying Jane
Zhang, Xiaohe
Bhamji, Naailah
Thompson, Roger
Lawrie, Allan
Wang, Dennis https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0068-1005
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Academy of Medical Sciences (APR7.1002)
Agency for Science, Technology and Research (UIBR)
UK Research and Innovation (MR/Z505468/1)
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Article History
Received: 11 September 2025
Accepted: 13 August 2026
First Online: 4 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: UK Biobank has obtained ethics approval from the Northwest Multi-center Research Ethics Committee (REC reference: 11/NW/0382). All participants provided informed consent at recruitment.
Competing interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest/Competing interests.
