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Authors
Bie, Bike
Liu, Yukai
Xue, Yuanzheng
Yang, Dezhong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82570512)
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Article History
Received: 26 June 2025
Accepted: 24 August 2026
First Online: 27 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance to the Declaration of Helsinki, and the MIMIC-IV database was approved by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, MA) and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Boston, MA). Copies of these data can be found in the MIMIC database. Therefore, this trial does not require ethical approval or informed consent.
Consent for publication: All authors approved the final draft and consented to the submission of the manuscript for publication.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
