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Article History

Received: 30 June 2026

Accepted: 24 August 2026

First Online: 1 September 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The eurIPFreg/eurILDreg operates under ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of the Justus-Liebig University Giessen (approval no. 111/08). eurIPFreg is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02951416; registered 1 November 2016) and eurILDreg in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00028968; registered 26 July 2022); both registries were registered after enrolment of the first participants. All study procedures comply with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All transplant recipients included in this analysis provided written informed consent for participation and for the use and publication of their pseudonymised data. The transplanted organs were provided by deceased donors and were allocated through Eurotransplant in accordance with the German Transplantation Act (Transplantationsgesetz), under which consent for donation is obtained within the statutory framework; donors were not participants in this study, and no donor-identifying information was collected or analysed. The only donor-related variable used, graft cold ischaemia time, is a routine operative parameter that does not identify the donor.

Consent for publication: Not applicable. This manuscript reports only aggregated, de-identified data and contains no images or individual-level clinical details from which any participant could be identified. Written informed consent covering the use and publication of pseudonymised data was nonetheless obtained from all participants at registry enrolment (see Ethics approval and consent to participate).

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.