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Article History

Received: 13 May 2022

Accepted: 10 August 2022

First Online: 17 August 2022

Declarations

:

: Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (approval number: IR.MUMS.REC.1396.334). This research was conducted in full compliance with the codes of ethical conduct from the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent were obtained from the patients before they were enrolled in the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Exception being Dr. Ali Moradi, who collaborated on the intraosseous distal radioulnar joint prosthesis invention.