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Article History

Received: 5 June 2022

Accepted: 16 October 2022

First Online: 19 October 2022

Declarations

:

: Not applicable. Administrative permissions were required to access the raw data used in this study and the corresponding author’s (Jian Wang) work unit (Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.) has already granted permission from Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) to access Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide Databases. However, this observational study used deidentified publicly available data, hence there was no requirement for consent to participate and it was deemed exempt by the ethics committee. So there is no need to grant permission in the Ethics approval and consent to participate section. What is more, the data used in this study were not need anonymized before its use. All methods are carried out following relevant guidelines and regulations. The data used in this study were not need anonymized before its use.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests in funding.