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Article History

Received: 14 November 2023

Accepted: 15 April 2024

First Online: 20 April 2024

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was obtained from the West Midlands – Black Country Research Ethics Committee (Ref 12/WM/0258) and all participants gave written informed consent.

: Not Applicable.

: Yes, the authors have competing interests as defined by BMC, or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper. “BR, EJ, ER, GJ, IS, JT, MF, NA, PP, RS, SB have no conflicts of interest to declare. BT receives funding from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). BT is also employed by Visible Analytics Ltd. KR declares personal fees from Abbvie and Sanofi and grant/research support from Bristol Myers Squibb, all outside the submitted work. AF declares personal fees from Abbvie, Roche and Janssen and grant/research support from Roche, UCB, Nascient, Mestag, GSK and Janssen, all outside the submitted work. CMG declares support for conference attendance from Eli Lilly. MC is Director of the Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, Director of the Centre for the Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research and is a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Senior Investigator. MC receives funding from NIHR, UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, the NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre and NIHR ARC West Midlands UK SPINE and Health Data Research UK at the at the University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR/UKRI, Health Data Research UK, Innovate UK (part of UK Research and Innovation), Macmillan Cancer Support, UCB Pharma, Janssen, GSK and Gilead. MC has received personal fees from Astellas, Aparito Ltd, CIS Oncology, Takeda, Merck, Daiichi Sankyo, Glaukos, GSK and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) outside the submitted work. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR, or the Department of Health and Social Care.”