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Authors
Gonzalez, Felipe F.
Metsavaht, Leonardo
Crespo, Bernardo
Giordano, Marcos
Pereira, Marcelo Motta
Guadagnin, Eliane Celina
Chahla, Jorge
Luzo, Marcus Vinicius Malheiros
Leporace, Gustavo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior– Brasil (Finance Code 001)
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Article History
Received: 31 January 2025
Accepted: 14 April 2025
First Online: 10 May 2025
Declarations
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: The trial protocol is in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration, National Health Council Resolution 466/12, and was approved by the ethics committee of the National Institute of Trauma and Orthopedics (INTO), number: 2.308.876, and the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), number: 3.408.775. The trial was previously registered at the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (No. RBR-3n52h4). Informed consent terms were obtained from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: This study was financed in part by Aptissen. The company funded the hyaluronic acid injections, disposable supplies, and third-party services. Aptissen had no role in the design or realization of the study, including data analysis, interpretation, and preparation of the manuscript. Aptissen agreed to the publication of positive or negative results by the research team without sponsor review. All healthcare professionals and patients were unpaid volunteers. Each of the authors certifies that they have no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article.
