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Authors
Sun, Lei
Xu, Ziyao
Zhang, Zhongyuan
Zhao, Jinwei
Sun, Mengshuai
Gao, Guangling
Gao, Fang
Jiang, Hongjiang
Ju, Changjun
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Article History
Received: 7 February 2025
Accepted: 18 April 2025
First Online: 2 May 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted under the auspices of Wendeng Orthopaedic Hospital's Institutional Review Board (IRB) with ethical approval number LL-2021–1207 (Shandong Province). The research protocol complied strictly with the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) GCP guidelines and the revised Helsinki Declaration (2013). Prior to enrollment, all participants provided written informed consent acknowledging the risks and benefits associated with the study interventions.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
