Qin, Chengwei
Zhang, Yonghua
Tian, Zhe
Shang, Yaohua
Li, Pengfei
Article History
Received: 25 January 2025
Accepted: 30 June 2025
First Online: 31 July 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Approval No.: 2025-091-01; Date: 2025-03-22). Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants prior to data collection. All personal identifiers were removed from the dataset to ensure confidentiality.
: Written informed consent for publication of clinical details, images, and research data was obtained from all adult participants. For participants under 16 years of age, written consent was provided by their parents or legal guardians. Specific consent for the use of potentially identifiable information in figures was confirmed in the consent documentation.
: The authors declare no competing interests.