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Authors
Wu, Fang
Su, Dongying
Hu, Hui
Su, Jinzhan
Fan, Shufeng
Song, Xia
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Article History
Received: 16 May 2025
Accepted: 1 July 2025
First Online: 30 July 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Ethics No. 2025-057-01). In accordance with Article 38 of the Ethical Review Measures for Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Human Subjects (2023), The requirement for informed consent was waived for the following reasons:(1).The research utilized historical medical data from which direct identifiers had been removed, and it was impracticable to contact the original participants.(2).The study does not involve personal privacy or commercial interests, and the risks posed to participants did not exceed minimal risk.All data were processed in an anonymized manner to ensure confidentiality and compliance with ethical standards.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
